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Coriander

Dhanyaka · Coriandrum sativum

Rasa (Taste) Bitter, Pungent, Sweet, Astringent
Virya (Energy) Cooling
Vipaka Sweet
Part Used Seeds (dried fruit), fresh leaves (cilantro), whole plant
Dosha Effect Balances all three doshas (tridoshahara); particularly effective for Pitta, and gentle enough for Vata and Kapha
Family Apiaceae

Traditional Uses

The Charaka Samhita classifies dhanyaka among the trishna nigrahana (thirst-alleviating), daha prashamana (burning sensation-relieving), and chardighna (anti-emetic) groups of herbs. Charaka prescribes coriander for jwara (fever), trishna (excessive thirst), chardi (vomiting), atisara (diarrhea), and daha (burning sensation). It is included in formulations for mutrakrichra (dysuria) and mutraghata (urinary retention), and is recommended as a daily spice for maintaining healthy digestion without aggravating Pitta.

Preparations

Dhanyaka Churna (ground coriander seeds): 1-3 grams with warm water or in cooking. Coriander water: 1-2 teaspoons seeds soaked overnight in a cup of water, strained and consumed in the morning. CCF tea (Coriander-Cumin-Fennel): equal parts coriander, cumin, and fennel seeds steeped in hot water -- the most popular Ayurvedic digestive tea.

Dosage

Seed powder: 1-3 grams per day in divided doses or in cooking. Coriander water: one glass daily (1-2 teaspoons seeds soaked overnight).

Dosha Guidance

For Pitta types, coriander is arguably the single most important daily spice. Its cooling virya, sweet vipaka, and bitter-astringent rasas make it profoundly Pitta-pacifying while still stimulating healthy digestion. Pitta individuals should use coriander liberally and daily -- in cooking, as coriander water, as a garnish (fresh cilantro), and in herbal teas.

Synergistic Combinations

The most famous combination is CCF tea (Coriander-Cumin-Fennel), the premier everyday Ayurvedic digestive tea suitable for all doshas. In Shadanga Paniya, combined with Musta (Cyperus rotundus), Ushira (vetiver), Chandan (sandalwood), Parpata (Fumaria indica), and Shunthi (dry ginger) for the classical fever-cooling decoction.

Contraindications

Coriander is one of the safest herbs in the Ayurvedic pharmacopoeia, with an exceptionally mild side-effect profile. However, some individuals have a genetic predisposition (possibly linked to olfactory receptor genes) that causes fresh cilantro leaves to taste strongly soapy or unpleasant -- these individuals may prefer using the seeds, which have a different volatile compound profile and do not trigger the same aversion. Allergic reactions are rare but possible, particularly in individuals sensitive to other Apiaceae family plants (parsley, celery, caraway, fennel).

Tissues & Channels

Dhatus: Rasa (plasma), Rakta (blood), Mamsa (muscle), Shukra (reproductive)

Srotas: Annavaha (digestive), Mutravaha (urinary), Raktavaha (circulatory), Artavavaha (menstrual)

Where to Buy

For seeds, look for whole coriander seeds that are round, evenly tan-colored, and strongly aromatic when crushed. Indian coriander seeds tend to be slightly oval and more pungent, while Moroccan/European varieties are rounder and milder -- both are medicinal, but Indian varieties may be closer to what classical texts reference.

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